Genetics, 6e (Hartwell)
Chapter 1 Genetics: The Study of Biological Information
1) How does DNA structure relate to its function?
A) The three-dimensional structure allows DNA to catalyze chemical reactions.
B) The order of nucleotides in a DNA strand specifies the order of amino acids in a protein.
C) DNA folds in a variety of shapes, each with a unique function.
D) The three-dimensional shape of DNA is critical for the storage of genetic information.
2) What is a difference between the structure of DNA and proteins?
A) DNA is composed of amino acids and proteins are composed of nucleotides.
B) DNA is composed of the four nucleotides A, G, C, and T and proteins are composed of the four nucleotides A, G, C, and U.
C) DNA is composed of nucleotides and proteins are composed of amino acids.
D) DNA is composed of 10 different amino acids and proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids.
3) A genome can be best described as
A) a segment of DNA that encodes an RNA or a protein.
B) an organized package of DNA and proteins.
C) a single pair of nucleotides connected by hydrogen bonds.
D) the DNA in all chromosomes in a cell.
4) What is the difference between the function of DNA and the function of proteins?
A) DNA performs most cellular functions and proteins store information.
B) DNA stores genetic information in the order of nucleotides and proteins store genetic information in the order of amino acids.
C) DNA stores genetic information and proteins perform most cellular functions.
D) DNA provides structure to the cell and proteins act as enzymes.
5) Which statement supports the theory that all organisms are related?
A) The genetic code is almost universal.
B) All flies have two wings.
C) Body parts with similar functions in different species are determined by unrelated genes.
D) Prokaryotes have circular chromosomes.
6) New genes are thought to arise by which mechanism?
A) Gene duplication followed by divergence due to mutation.
B) Fusion of two genes due to mating between individuals of two different species.
C) Conversion of introns to exons by the accumulation of mutations.
D) Mutation of a DNA sequence activates a gene that was previously turned off.
7) What is the most likely way a mutation in one gene can convert one body part to another?
A) The mutated gene encodes a protein that affects the expression of many other genes.
B) The mutated gene encodes a protein that determines cell shape.
C) The mutation is in a structural gene and results in production of more protein than usual.
D) A mutation in only one gene cannot convert one body part to another.
8) A recent technical advancement that has accelerated the study of genomes is the ability to
A) sequence large complex genomes rapidly and inexpensively.
B) rapidly identify and mutate individual disease-causing genes.
C) determine the function of genes by comparing genome sequences.
D) edit DNA in germ-line cells to correct disease-causing mutations.
9) What is the difference between genetic dissection and genome sequencing?
A) Genetic dissection reveals information about one gene at a time and genome sequencing reveals information about all the genes in a genome at once.
B) Genetic dissection experiments can be accomplished in any species and genome sequencing is only possible in model organisms.
C) Genetic dissection depends on the availability of mutations in model organisms and mutations are of no use in the study of genomes by genome sequencing.
D) The genetic dissection approach is affordable and genome sequencing is prohibitively expensive.
10) Currently, what information can be obtained from sequencing an individual's genome?
A) Information about gene variants that predispose a person to a disease, such as cancer.
B) Information about gene variants that predispose a person to criminal activity.
C) Information that psychiatrists can use to predict personality and behavior.
D) Information that will accurately predict the life span of an individual.
11) Which is not a potential problem of allowing the genomic sequences of individuals to become widely available?
A) Discrimination by insurance companies.
B) Misinterpretation of the information.
C) Misuse of the information for social purposes.
D) Advances leading to healthier lives for some people.
12) One strand of DNA has the sequence 5′ GGTCTA 3′. What is the sequence of the other strand?
A) 5′ CCAGAT 3′
B) 5′ ATCTGG 3′
C) 3′ GGTCTA 5′
D) 5′ TAGACC 3′
13) Which statement is true about the structure of DNA?
Chapter 1 Genetics: The Study of Biological Information
1) How does DNA structure relate to its function?
A) The three-dimensional structure allows DNA to catalyze chemical reactions.
B) The order of nucleotides in a DNA strand specifies the order of amino acids in a protein.
C) DNA folds in a variety of shapes, each with a unique function.
D) The three-dimensional shape of DNA is critical for the storage of genetic information.
2) What is a difference between the structure of DNA and proteins?
A) DNA is composed of amino acids and proteins are composed of nucleotides.
B) DNA is composed of the four nucleotides A, G, C, and T and proteins are composed of the four nucleotides A, G, C, and U.
C) DNA is composed of nucleotides and proteins are composed of amino acids.
D) DNA is composed of 10 different amino acids and proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids.
3) A genome can be best described as
A) a segment of DNA that encodes an RNA or a protein.
B) an organized package of DNA and proteins.
C) a single pair of nucleotides connected by hydrogen bonds.
D) the DNA in all chromosomes in a cell.
4) What is the difference between the function of DNA and the function of proteins?
A) DNA performs most cellular functions and proteins store information.
B) DNA stores genetic information in the order of nucleotides and proteins store genetic information in the order of amino acids.
C) DNA stores genetic information and proteins perform most cellular functions.
D) DNA provides structure to the cell and proteins act as enzymes.
5) Which statement supports the theory that all organisms are related?
A) The genetic code is almost universal.
B) All flies have two wings.
C) Body parts with similar functions in different species are determined by unrelated genes.
D) Prokaryotes have circular chromosomes.
6) New genes are thought to arise by which mechanism?
A) Gene duplication followed by divergence due to mutation.
B) Fusion of two genes due to mating between individuals of two different species.
C) Conversion of introns to exons by the accumulation of mutations.
D) Mutation of a DNA sequence activates a gene that was previously turned off.
7) What is the most likely way a mutation in one gene can convert one body part to another?
A) The mutated gene encodes a protein that affects the expression of many other genes.
B) The mutated gene encodes a protein that determines cell shape.
C) The mutation is in a structural gene and results in production of more protein than usual.
D) A mutation in only one gene cannot convert one body part to another.
8) A recent technical advancement that has accelerated the study of genomes is the ability to
A) sequence large complex genomes rapidly and inexpensively.
B) rapidly identify and mutate individual disease-causing genes.
C) determine the function of genes by comparing genome sequences.
D) edit DNA in germ-line cells to correct disease-causing mutations.
9) What is the difference between genetic dissection and genome sequencing?
A) Genetic dissection reveals information about one gene at a time and genome sequencing reveals information about all the genes in a genome at once.
B) Genetic dissection experiments can be accomplished in any species and genome sequencing is only possible in model organisms.
C) Genetic dissection depends on the availability of mutations in model organisms and mutations are of no use in the study of genomes by genome sequencing.
D) The genetic dissection approach is affordable and genome sequencing is prohibitively expensive.
10) Currently, what information can be obtained from sequencing an individual's genome?
A) Information about gene variants that predispose a person to a disease, such as cancer.
B) Information about gene variants that predispose a person to criminal activity.
C) Information that psychiatrists can use to predict personality and behavior.
D) Information that will accurately predict the life span of an individual.
11) Which is not a potential problem of allowing the genomic sequences of individuals to become widely available?
A) Discrimination by insurance companies.
B) Misinterpretation of the information.
C) Misuse of the information for social purposes.
D) Advances leading to healthier lives for some people.
12) One strand of DNA has the sequence 5′ GGTCTA 3′. What is the sequence of the other strand?
A) 5′ CCAGAT 3′
B) 5′ ATCTGG 3′
C) 3′ GGTCTA 5′
D) 5′ TAGACC 3′
13) Which statement is true about the structure of DNA?