Answer c % correct 83 a= 5 b= 9 c= 83 d= 2 r = .18
48. When you watch dogs play in the park or watch how your professors conduct their classes, you are engaging in a form of ________.
a. case study research
b. survey research
c. naturalistic observation
d. psychometric study
Answer c % correct 99 a= 1 b= 0 c= 99 d= 0 r = .0
49. The degree of relationship between two or more variables is ________.
a. a correlation
b. validity
c. reliability
d. a hypothesis
Answer a % correct 97 a= 97 b=0 c= 1 d= 2 r = .09
50. Anything that follows a response, making that response more likely to recur, is ________.
a. an antecedent
b. an enhancement
c. reinforcement
d. consequence
Answer c % correct 88 a= 3 b= 4 c= 88 d= 4 r = .41
51. Positive correlation shows:
a. the extent to which two independent variables change together.
b. that as one independent variable increases, another decreases.
c. that as one variable changes, another changes in the same direction.
d. that as one variable changes, another changes in the opposite direction.
Answer c % correct 62 a= 18 b= 9 c= 62 d= 11 r = .40
52. A researcher wished to study the relationship between high school grades and college grades. Of the following research methods, which would be the most appropriate?
a. case study
b. correlation
c. experiment
d. survey
Answer b % correct 37 a= 22 b= 37 c= 10 d= 31 r = .31
53. A correlation of .00 means:
a. you made a mistake in calculation.
b. you did not find out anything about the relationship between the two variables.
c. the two variables are unrelated.
d. everyone who scored low on one variable scored high on the other variable, and vice versa.
Answer c % correct 56 a= 2 b= 26 c= 56 d= 17 r = .25
54. The greatest disadvantage of correlation is:
a. it has a limited range of values, being only -1 to +1.
b. it does not enable cause-and-effect conclusions.
c. its value can be negative.
d. its value can be zero.
Answer b % correct 85 a= 11 b= 85 c= 4 d= 1 r = .44
55. A correlation tells us:
a. whether a cause-effect relationship exists.
b. whether two variables are related
c. whether or not a test is efficient.
d. if people are responding to demand characteristics.
Answer b % correct 87 a= 9 b= 87 c= 4 d= 0 r = .35
56. A psychologist uses the correlational method to ________.
a. explain the effects of one variable on another
b. compare two groups of subjects
c. determine what causes a variable to change
d. identify relationships between variables
Answer d % correct 73 a= 11 b= 14 c= 2 d= 73 r = .42
57. As children grow older, their discretionary income usually increases. The best conclusion to draw about the variables age and income are that they are:
a. causally related
b. uncorrelated
c. negatively correlated
d. positively correlated
Answer d % correct 92 a= 1 b= 3 c= 4 d= 92 r = .31
Finding Relationships
58. A large group of people whom you want to know about is called a ________.
a. control group
b. treatment group
c. population
d. sample
Answer c % correct 79 a= 3 b= 3 c= 79 d= 16 r = .30