three-dimensional brain views to localize the tumors. Which instrument will provide the least invasive
way to obtain their objective?
a. electroencephalography (EEG) c. positron emission tomography (PET)
b. computerized axial tomography (CAT) d. magnetoencephalography (MEG)
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.4 The Instruments of Neuroscience
OBJ: 1.7 MSC: Applying
60. Imagine that you are one of the researchers who advanced the field of cognitive neuroscience by
developing a new instrument to measure the brain. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) has already
been developed, but your team wants to expand the CAT to develop an instrument that will provide
information about brain function. Which method are you most likely developing?
a. electroencephalography (EEG) c. positron emission tomography (PET)
b. functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI)
d. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.4 The Instruments of Neuroscience
OBJ: 1.7 MSC: Applying
SHORT ANSWER
1. Draw a diagram demonstrating the approach known as the scientific method. Your diagram should
indicate the general procedures used and the order in which they are performed.
ANS:
Answers will vary. Each should include the following:
- make an observation
- ask why it came about
- form a hypothesis
- design and perform an experiment
- draw a conclusion
- may also include replication
DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective OBJ: 1.1
MSC: Creating
2. Describe how and why the term cognitive neuroscience was chosen for this field. Be sure to mention
the two fields that combined to create this new field of study.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective OBJ: 1.4
MSC: Remembering
3. Localizationists argued that higher cognitive functions were the product of brain activity in specific
areas. Give evidence that they used to support their claims.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.1
MSC: Remembering
4. Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke discovered two different forms of aphasia. Compare and contrast them.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2
MSC: Understanding
5. Describe the main tenets of the Neuron Doctrine.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2
MSC: Remembering
6. Describe the evidence that led Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens to move the field away from localization
toward aggregate-field theory.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2
MSC: Remembering
7. A major question in cognitive neuroscience is the extent to which regions of the brain are independent
or integrated. Which of these two viewpoints is most valid? Present evidence to support your view.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story OBJ: 1.2
MSC: Evaluating
8. Associationism and empiricism are two main philosophical positions. Pick the one you think best
describes how humans come to know things and explain why you think this.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Medium REF: 1.3 The Psychological Story OBJ: 1.4
MSC: Remembering
9. Describe the transition from behaviorist to cognitive approaches in psychology.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 The Psychological Story OBJ: 1.4
MSC: Understanding
10. Noam Chomsky wrote an article titled “Three Models for the Description of Language.” Describe how
the findings he reported moved the field of cognitive psychology forward.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Medium REF: 1.3 The Psychological Story OBJ: 1.4
MSC: Remembering
11. Describe two principal methods used to measure brain structure.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Easy REF: 1.4 The Instruments of Neuroscience
OBJ: 1.7 MSC: Remembering
12. You would like to understand at what point in time an event took place in the brain. What
neuroimaging method would you choose? Explain why you would choose this method and what
information you would be missing.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Easy REF: 1.4 The Instruments of Neuroscience
OBJ: 1.7 MSC: Understanding