evolutionary sense?
A) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
B) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
C) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces two offspring who live to reproduce
Answer: C
18) Over time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land animals to aquatic
animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by which of the following
concepts or processes?
A) an emergent property
B) natural selection
C) reductionism
D) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life
Answer: B
19) Which of the following statements describes Charles Darwin's most significant original contribution to
understanding both the unity and the diversity of life?
A) He proposed a mechanism to explain the process of evolution.
B) He explained the relationship between genes and evolution.
C) He observed that individuals in a population generally displayed variation for a number of traits.
D) He suggested that survival depends upon competition.
E) He documented examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
Answer: A
20) Which of the following statements is a distinguishing characteristic of fungi?
A) living in extreme environments like boiling hot springs
B) obtaining nutrients by absorbing them from the environment
C) converting light energy to chemical energy in the form of sugars
D) obtaining nutrients by ingesting other organisms
Answer: B
21) The variation observed among the finches Darwin collected from the Galápagos Islands illustrate which of the
following principles associated with the evolution of species?
A) production of more offspring than can survive B) the accuracy of the fossil record
C) mutation frequency D) descent with modification
Answer: D
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22) Imagine there is a species- specific fishing regulation that mandates that only adult fish of this species that are
75 cm or longer may be kept; shorter fish must be released. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, how
would you predict that the average length of the adult fish population might be affected?
A) Length would rapidly decrease.
B) Length would remain unchanged.
C) Length would gradually decrease.
D) Length would gradually increase.
E) Length would rapidly increase.
Answer: C
23) In her studies of chimpanzee behavior, Jane Goodall collected both qualitative and quantitative data. Which of
the following is an example of quantitative data?
A) Chimpanzees typically travel together in small groups.
B) Pairs of animals take turns grooming each other.
C) Mothers and their infants typically nap for two to three hours each afternoon.
D) Young chimpanzees play games in the trees and on the ground.
Answer: C
24) The process of science involves testing which of the following?
A) a hypothesis
B) a control group
C) an observation
D) a conclusion
E) a data set
Answer: A
25) Which of the following statements describes a controlled experiment?
A) an experiment that proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all
reactions and process all experimental data
B) an experiment with at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables
C) an experiment that is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate
D) an experiment with at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment
Answer: D
26) Which of the following is a requirement for a good scientific hypothesis?
A) It must explain a large body of specific observations.
B) It must generate quantitative data.
C) It must be able to be proven true.
D) It must lead to testable predictions.
Answer: D
27) Which of the following is the best description of a control for an experiment?
A) The control group is kept in an unchanging environment.
B) The control group is exposed to only one variable rather than several.
C) The control group is matched with the experimental group except for the one experimental variable.
D) The control group is left alone by the experimenters.
Answer: C
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28) Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning?
A) If a banana is not ripe, then an ape will not eat it.
B) Hundreds of cultures of a unicellular alga are incubated in the presence of light, and in all of the samples
the cells congregate on the side of the culture toward the light. Therefore, the alga is phototactic (attracted