Human Learning 7th Edition by Jeanne Ellis Ormrod Test bank and solution manual

由分享时间：2024-01-16 12:16:59 加入收藏我要投稿点赞

Three of the following are principles of learning. Which one is a theory of learning rather than a principle?
1. A behavior that is followed by punishment decreases in frequency.
2. People learn by making mental associations between new information and their existing knowledge.
3. A response that is rewarded every time it occurs increases more rapidly than a response that is only occasionally rewarded.
4. Students tend to remember more of a lecture if they take notes on the lecture’s content.

Which one of the following common sayings best reflects the concept of introspection?
1. “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.”
2. “Nothing ventured, nothing gained.”
3. “A penny for your thoughts.”
4. “Old habits die hard.”

Which one of the following common sayings best reflects the basic premise underlying social learning theory?
1. “Monkey see, monkey do.”
2. “Spare the rod and spoil the child.”
3. “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
4. “A rolling stone gathers no moss.”

Which one of the following statements provides the most credible explanation for the fact that human beings seem to surpass all other animal species in their thinking and learning capacities?
1. Only human beings have the capability to make tools.
2. Humans communicate regularly with one another and, in doing so, pass along what they’ve learned to future generations.
3. Human beings have a huge repertoire of instinctual behaviors from which they can draw when they encounter new experiences.
4. Human brains are smaller than those of other intelligent species (e.g., elephants, dolphins) and therefore can transmit messages more quickly and efficiently.

Behaviorists and cognitivists tend to focus on different aspects of learning. Which one of the following statements best describes this difference?
1. Behaviorism focuses on temporary changes; cognitivism focuses on relatively permanent changes.
2. Behaviorism focuses on relatively permanent changes; cognitivism focuses on temporary changes.
3. Behaviorism focuses on internal mental changes; cognitivism focuses on external behavioral changes.
4. Behaviorism focuses on external behavioral changes; cognitivism focuses on internal mental changes.

Theories are advantageous in several ways. Three of the following describe advantages of learning theories. Which one does not?
1. Theories enable objective, unbiased reporting of research findings.
2. Theories help to condense large bodies of information.
3. Theories help practitioners design interventions that facilitate learning.
4. Theories provide an impetus for new research.

Which one of the following statements is most accurate statement regarding theories of learning?
1. They have been proven to be true.
2. They will eventually be replaced by physiological explanations of how learning occurs.
3. They are often modified as new data emerge.
4. Any theory can be used to explain virtually every instance of learning.