TB_01_121_The Scientific Approach_Apply_LO 1.7, APA 2.1, 2.4
Makenzie finds that the number of hours she sleeps each night is related to the scores she receives on quizzes the next day. As her sleep approaches 8 hours, her quiz scores improve; as her sleep drops to 5 hours, her quiz scores show a similar decline. Makenzie realizes that ________.
a) there is a negative correlation between the number of hours she sleeps and her quiz grades
Incorrect. Both variables in the example move in the same direction and, therefore, have a positive correlation.
b) there is a positive correlation between the number of hours she sleeps and her quiz grades
Correct. Both variables in the example move in the same direction and, therefore, have a positive correlation.
c) her low quiz scores are caused by sleep deprivation the night before a quiz
d) she should sleep about 10 hours a night to ensure 100 percent quiz grades
Topic: The Scientific Approach
ANS: b, Apply What You Know, LO 1.7 Explain how researchers use the correlational technique to study relationships between two or more variables., (2)
APA=2.1; 2.4
TB_01_122_The Scientific Approach_Apply_LO 1.7, APA 2.4
All of the following variables, EXCEPT for ________, would likely show a positive correlation.
a) height and weight
Incorrect. These variables go in the same direction.
b) men’s educational level and their income
c) alcohol consumption and scores on a driving test
Correct. In this case, one goes up the other goes down.
d) school grades and IQ scores
Topic: The Scientific Approach
ANS: c, Apply What You Know, LO 1.7 Explain how researchers use the correlational technique to study relationships between two or more variables., (2)
% correct 80 a= 7 b= 4 c= 80 d= 8 r = .26
APA=2.4
TB_01_123_The Scientific Approach_Apply_LO 1.7, APA 2.4
All of the following variables, EXCEPT for ________, would likely show a negative correlation.
a) average income and the incidence of dental disease
b) adult shoe size and IQ scores
Correct. There is NO correlation (i.e., relationship) here.
c) the value of a car and the age of a car
d) hours spent watching TV and grade-point average
Incorrect. As one goes up, the other goes down, and that is a negative correlation.
Topic: The Scientific Approach
ANS: b, Apply What You Know, LO 1.7 Explain how researchers use the correlational technique to study relationships between two or more variables., (2)
APA=2.4
TB_01_124_The Scientific Approach_Analyze_LO 1.7, APA 2.4
Professor Holden gives a psychology exam on the origins of intelligence. She gives a short answer question based on the IQ scores of a parent-child pair. In order to answer the question correctly, her students need to remember that ________.
a) a parent’s high IQ does not necessarily cause a child to have a high IQ
Correct. Correlation does not prove causation.
b) given these variables, the correlation will be positive
Incorrect. The fact that a parent has a high IQ is not necessarily related to his or her child’s IQ.
c) given these variables, the correlation will be negative
d) given these variables, the correlation will be uncorrelated
Topic: The Scientific Approach
ANS: a, Analyze It, LO 1.7 Explain how researchers use the correlational technique to study relationships between two or more variables., (3)
APA=2.4
TB_01_125_The Scientific Approach_Remember_LO 1.7, APA 2.4
A negative correlation means that ________.
a) high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other
Correct. A negative correlation means that high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other.
b) high values of one variable are associated with high values of the other
Incorrect. A negative correlation means that high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other.
c) low values of one variable are associated with low values of the other
d) there is no relationship between the two variables