TB_01_174_Applying Psychology to Everyday Life_Apply_LO 1.12, APA 2.2, 3.1
The CEO of a large automobile company says the cars the company makes are safe regardless of the fact that they lead the country in accidents due to faulty equipment. This discrepancy highlights which of the following critical thinking principles?
a) Few “truths” do not need to be tested.
Incorrect. The question is focusing on the CEO’s authority rather than what he is saying.
b) All evidence is not equal in quality.
c) Authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true.
Correct. In this case, the authority has a motivation to lie or mislead, and cannot be trusted, especially if the evidence belies his statement.
d) Critical thinking requires an open mind.
Topic: Applying Psychology to Everyday Life
ANS: c, Apply What You Know, LO 1.12 Recall the basic criteria for critical thinking that people can use in their everyday lives., (2)
% correct 66 a= 5 b= 24 c= 66 d= 5 r = .30
APA=2.2; 3.1
TB_01_175_Applying Psychology to Everyday Life_Apply_LO 1.12, APA 2.2, 3.1
“There is no life outside this solar system, and nothing you can say will change that fact!” Which criterion of critical thinking does this person lack?
a) Evidence is only necessary if it can be tested.
Incorrect. The statement is not a criterion for critical thinking.
b) All evidence is not equal in quality.
c) Authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true.
d) Critical thinking requires an open mind.
Correct. The statement implies narrowness of thinking and, thus, the lack of an open mind.
Topic: Applying Psychology to Everyday Life
ANS: d, Apply What You Know, LO 1.12 Recall the basic criteria for critical thinking that people can use in their everyday lives., (2)
APA=2.2; 3.1
TRUE OR FALSE
TB_01_176_The History of Psychology_Remember_LO 1.1, APA 1.1, 1.2
The most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology today is that it is the science of behavior.
TOPIC: The History of Psychology
ANS: F, Remember the Facts, LO 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology., (1)
APA=1.1; 1.2
TB_01_177_The History of Psychology_Remember_LO 1.1, APA 1.2
Wilhelm Wundt used the method of objective introspection.
TOPIC: The History of Psychology
ANS: T, Remember the Facts, LO 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology., (2)
APA=1.2
TB_01_178_The History of Psychology_Remember_LO 1.1, APA 1.2
Sigmund Freud was the father of psychology.
TOPIC: The History of Psychology
ANS: F, Remember the Facts, LO 1.1 Describe the contributions of some of the early pioneers in psychology., (3)
APA=1.2
TB_01_179_The History of Psychology_Remember_LO 1.2, APA 1.2
Pavlov found that dogs would salivate to the sound of a bell before food was presented, demonstrating the process of conditioning.
TOPIC: The History of Psychology
ANS: T, Remember the Facts, LO 1.2 Summarize the basic ideas and who were the important people behind the early approaches known as Gestalt, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism., (2)
APA=1.2
TB_01_180_The History of Psychology_Remember_LO 1.2, APA 1.2
John Watson studied salivation in dogs in order to examine the concept of habituation.
TOPIC: The History of Psychology
ANS: F, Remember the Facts, LO 1.2 Summarize the basic ideas and who were the important people behind the early approaches known as Gestalt, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism., (1)
APA=1.2
TB_01_181_The Field of Psychology Today_Remember_LO 1.3, APA 1.2, 2.4
Cognitive neuroscience includes the use of tools such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).
TOPIC: The Field of Psychology Today
ANS: T, Remember the Facts, LO 1.3 Summarize the basic ideas behind the seven modern perspectives in psychology., (1)
APA=1.2; 2.4
TB_01_182_The Field of Psychology Today_Understand_LO 1.3, APA 1.1, 1.2
Darley and Latané (1968) believe that the presence of other people in a distressing situation actually increased the likelihood that they would receive help.