The Changing Earth: Exploring Geology and Evolution 7th Edition by James S. Monroe Test bank
a. tautologies
b. theories
c. conjectures
d. perspectives
e. hypotheses
ANSWER: e
34. What is a characteristic of the greenhouse effect?
a. Short wavelength radiation from the sun is reflected back into space.
b. Most of Earth’s radiant energy escapes into space.
c. Industrialization plays an exclusive role in the process.
d. Gases trap heat reflected back from Earth’s surface.
e. Transpiration significantly increases levels of greenhouse gases.
ANSWER: d
35. ____ is known to be a dwarf planet.
a. Neptune
b. Pluto
c. Uranus
d. Mars
e. Titan
ANSWER: b
36. What are naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solids that have definite physical and chemical properties?
a. rocks
b. minerals
c. stalactites
d. stalagmites
e. lithified deposits
ANSWER: b
37. What parallel alignment of minerals is caused by the application of pressure, and gives a rock a layered or banded appearance?
a. striation
b. foliation
c. marbling
d. metamorphism
e. crystallization
ANSWER: b
38. Which process results in the formation of sedimentary rocks?
a. precipitation of mineral matter from solution
b. chemical activity of fluids
c. crystallization of lava flow
d. accumulation of magma
e. heat compression of other rocks
ANSWER: a
39. What theory has the central thesis that all present-day organisms are related and that they have descended with modifications from organisms that lived in the past?
a. theory of relativism
b. best-fit theory
c. theory of organic evolution
d. unifying theory
e. theory of uniformitarianism
ANSWER: c
40. What unifying theory of geology holds that large segments of Earth’s outer part move relative to one another?
a. lithospheric zone theory
b. convection cell theory
c. subduction zone theory
d. plate cycle theory
e. plate tectonic theory
ANSWER: e
41. A combination of related parts that interact in an organized fashion is a(n) ____________________.
ANSWER: system
42. The basic force that is the attraction of one body toward another is ____________________.
ANSWER: gravity
43. The increasing percentage of heavier elements in the universe results from nuclear fusion during the evolution of ____________________.
ANSWER: stars
44. Earth formed ____________________ billion years ago.
ANSWER: 4.6
45. The state of matter of the material in Earth's inner core is ____________________.
ANSWER: solid
46. Earth’s concentric layer that has the largest volume is the ____________________.
ANSWER: mantle
47. The crust and the underlying uppermost mantle make up the ____________________.
ANSWER: lithosphere
48. Rocks that form from the crystallization of lava or magma are ____________________ rocks.
ANSWER: igneous
49. A change in the frequency of a sound, light, or other wave caused by movement of the wave’s source relative to the observer is known as the _______________.
ANSWER: Doppler effect
50. The study of the origin, evolution, and nature of the universe is _______________.
ANSWER: cosmology
51. What are the primary characteristics of the terrestrial planets in our solar system?
ANSWER: The terrestrial planets − Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars − are all small and are composed of rock and metallic elements that condensed at the high temperatures of the inner solar nebula.
52. What three general characteristics account for the density differences among the concentric layers of Earth?
ANSWER: Earth consists of three concentric layers: the core, the mantle, and the crust. This orderly division results from density differences between the layers as a function of variations in composition, temperature, and pressure.