A) DNA B) tRNA C) protein D) amino acids E) mRNA
Answer: B
32) Given that DNA is the genetic material in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, what other general structures
(macromolecules) and substances made by the cell are associated with the expression of that genetic material?
A) DNA and RNA
B) chromosomes
C) lipids and carbohydrates
D) RNA (messenger, ribosomal, and transfer), ribosomes, enzymes, and proteins
E) DNA and protein
Answer: D
33) Which of the following are true about codons?
A) They are a circular series of nucleotide triplets.
B) They are placed at random in the RNA.
C) They are complementary to RNA and specify amino acids at the ribosome.
D) They are complementary to DNA and are a two- nucleotide code for an amino acid.
E) They are complementary to DNA and specify amino acids at the ribosome.
Answer: E
34) What is another term for a biological catalyst?
A) protein B) ribosome C) lipid D) codon E) enzyme
Answer: E
35) A protein's shape and chemical behavior are determined by ________.
A) the type of cell in which it resides
B) its linear sequence of amino acids
C) the cholesterol makeup of the lipid membrane
D) the cell's age
E) the environment of an organism
Answer: B
36) Once a protein is made, its biochemical or structural properties play a role in producing ________.
A) mutant B) genotype C) DNA D) phenotype E) chromosome
Answer: D
6
37) When mutation alters a gene, it may modify or even eliminate the encoded protein's usual ________ and cause
an altered ________.
A) structure; genotype
B) function; phenotype
C) cell type; genotype
D) ribosome; phenotype
E) function; genotype
Answer: B
38) Recombinant DNA technology is dependent on a particular class of enzymes, known as ________ that cuts
DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.
A) clones
B) vectors
C) restriction enzymes
D) genomes
E) recombinant DNA technology
Answer: C
39) What represents an organism's genome?
A) all the protein in a cell
B) the nuclear and mitochondrial DNAs
C) a catalog of mutations in a cell
D) all the RNA in a cell
E) an organism's genome can be defined as the complete haploid nuclear DNA content of an organism.
Answer: E
40) A ________ is an organism produced by biotechnology that involves the transfer of hereditary traits across
species.
A) clone
B) frankenfood
C) transgenic organism
D) vector
E) mutant
Answer: C
41) What term is applied to a variety of projects whereby genome sequences are deposited in databases for research
purposes?
A) bioinformatics
B) cloning
C) proteomics
D) genetics
E) genomics
Answer: E
7
42) Organisms that are well understood from a scientific standpoint and are often used in basic biological research
are often called ________.
A) clones
B) vectors
C) restriction enzymes
D) model organisms
E) recombinant DNA technology
Answer: D
43) ________ is a discipline involved in the development of both hardware and software for processing, storing, and
retrieving nucleotide and protein data.
A) Cloning
B) Bioinformatics
C) Recombinant DNA technology
D) Proteomics
E) Genomics
Answer: B
8