A) research
B) channel of distribution
C) product specification
D) politics
E) product promotion
54) Which scenario best illustrates the political and legal issues faced by companies because of their "alien status" when they attempt to do business in foreign countries?
A) a company doing moderate business in international markets because of violent history of its home country
B) a company being forced by the local government to share its core competencies in order to continue doing business
C) a product not being widely accepted in the foreign market because of its irrelevance to the customers
D) a company utilizing an identical promotional campaign it used in the domestic country
E) a company not succeeding in a foreign market because its product pricing is above the purchasing power of the local customers
55) Adaptation on the part of an international marketer is best described as
A) a conscious effort to make themselves aware of the home cultural reference in their analyses and decision making.
B) a conscious effort to anticipate the influences of both the foreign and domestic uncontrollable factors on a marketing mix and then to adjust the marketing mix to minimize the effects.
C) the notion that people in one's own company or country know best how to do things.
D) the process of identifying the similarities that exists between the domestic and foreign markets.
E) an unconscious reference to one's own cultural values, experiences, and knowledge as a basis for decisions and then to adjust the marketing mix in order to closely reflect these decisions.
56) A natural off shoot of a person's self-reference criterion is ________ that also creates a concern for the international marketer.
A) sympathy
B) self-actualization
C) ethnocentrism
D) empathy
E) collectivism
57) ________ is an unconscious reference to one's own cultural values, experiences, and knowledge as a basis for decisions.
A) Xenocentrism
B) Holism
C) Self-reference criterion
D) Segregation
E) Orientalism
58) People seldom stop to think about a reaction; they simply react. Thus, when faced with a problem in another culture, their tendency is to react instinctively and refer to their ________ for a solution.
A) self-space principle
B) segregation principle
C) integration criterion
D) space command criterion
E) self-reference criterion
59) Parul believes that her culture and country know how to do things best and she looks down on the cultural habits of other countries. What is Parul exhibiting?
A) differentiation
B) marketing myopia
C) ethnocentrism
D) multiculturalism
E) pluralism
60) What characteristic would impede the ability of a person to assess a foreign market in its true light?
A) polycentrism
B) pluralism
C) xenocentrism
D) ethnocentrism
E) relativism
61) Brett, who is from Ohio, has taken a job in Thailand. Last week, he was confronted with a personnel issue and resolved it by saying that "In the U.S., you would be given one warning and then fired for this type of behavior." Brett did not take into account that company standards might differ in Thailand and the employee was acting appropriately. Which obstacle to international marketing does this demonstrate?
A) collectivism
B) self-reference criterion
C) tragedy of the commons
D) individualism
E) marketing myopia
62) The most effective way to control the influence of ethnocentrism and the self-reference criterion is to
A) reduce interaction with a culturally diverse audience.
B) design products and services in a traditional manner.
C) recognize their effects on our behavior.
D) learn at least two foreign languages to understand the cultural differences.
E) establish beneficial relations with the host country's government.
63) To avoid errors in business decisions, it is necessary to conduct a cross-cultural analysis that isolates the self-reference criterion (SRC) influences. What is the first step in this analysis?
A) redefining the problem without the SRC influence
B) solving the problem for the optimum business goal situation
C) isolating the SRC influence in the problem
D) defining the business problem or goal in home-country cultural traits, habits, or norms
E) examining the isolated SRC influence to see how it complicates the problem
64) Why does understanding one's own culture require additional study?
A) to find out why cultural traits in one's own country does not affect market behavior
B) because much of the cultural influence on market behavior is at the subconscious level