a. 1994.
b. 2000.
c. 2002.
*d. 2013.
30. The authors describe an example of conditioning in which cancer patients develop a negative reaction to a variety of people and things associated with their chemotherapy treatments. The phenomenon is called
a. generalized conditioning.
*b. stimulus generalization.
c. variety stimulus.
d. stimulus discrimination.
31. One hot and humid night, one of your friends suggests doing some really crazy things. You look up at the sky and say, “It must be the full moon.” Your statement reflects the concept from which the word ________ is derived.
*a. lunatic
b. idiot
c. maniac
d. psychopath
32. Seventeenth century treatments for depression included19
a. insulin shock therapy.
b. reserpine therapy.
c. hydrotherapy.
*d. induced vomiting.
33. You are listening to old musical tunes, including “My Melancholy Baby.” Your friends are impressed when you tell them that “melancholic,” referring to a depressive personality, derives from a Greek word meaning
a. blood.
b. phlegm.
c. yellow bile.
*d. black bile.
34. According to Hippocrates’ humoral theory, the “choleric” personality is
*a. hot-tempered.
b. easygoing.
c. kind.
d. cheap.
35. Based on Hippocrates’ humoral theory, “sanguine” describes a person who is
a. pessimistic.
b. pale.
*c. cheerful.
d. humorous.
36. Bloodletting, a treatment devised centuries ago to restore the balance of humors, was accomplished with the use of
a. needles.
*b. leeches.
c. tourniquets.
d. bacteria.
37. In ancient Greece, a woman suffering from “hysteria” might be told that her condition could be cured by
*a. marriage.
b. pregnancy.
c. therapy.
d. divorce.
38. In ancient Greece, some “humoral excesses” thought to be causing psychological disorders were treated by
*a. increasing or decreasing the person’s exposure to heat, dryness, moisture, or cold.
b. herbal remedies.
c. decreasing both caloric and liquid intake.
d. lowering the person’s body temperature for extended periods of time.
39. In keeping with an accepted treatment for mental illness in the 14th century, a physician treating King Charles VI of France had him moved to the countryside in order to
a. have him closer to a hospital that treated mental illness.
b. keep him away from his family.
*c. restore the balance in his humors.
d. cure him of hysteria.
40. In an attempt to rid the body of the excessive humors thought to be causing psychological disorders, physicians throughout history have used treatments such as
*a. bloodletting.
b. induced seizures.
c. exorcism.
d. drilling through the skull.
41. The concept of hysteria, which traditionally meant physical symptoms for which no organic pathology could be found, is now associated with which DSM-5 classification?
a. Anxiety disorders
b. Borderline personality disorder
c. Premenstrual symptom disorder
*d. Somatic symptom disorder
42. The traditional tendency to stigmatize women as “hysterical” derived from Hippocrates’ concept of
*a. the “wandering womb.”
b. an “incompetent cervix.”
c. “penis envy.”
d. “pelvic dysfunction.”
43. The term “hysteria” derives from the Greek hysteron, which means
a. vagina.
*b. uterus.
c. penis.
d. libido.
44. The first significant supporting evidence for a biological cause of a mental disorder was the 19th century discovery that the psychotic disorder called general paresis was caused by the same bacterial microorganism that causes
a. malaria.
b. Alzheimer’s disease.
*c. syphilis.
d. The common cold.
45. In the 19th century, John Grey, a well-known American psychiatrist, believed that mental illness was due to
a. psychological factors.
*b. physical causes.
c. social/environmental influences.
d. unknown influences.
46. In the 1950s, the first effective drugs for severe psychotic disorders were developed in a systematic way. Before that time, all of the following were used to treat psychosis EXCEPT.