b) a theory of personality that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts
Correct. Unconscious motives and conflicts are the essential elements of psychoanalysis.
c) a method of psychotherapy in which an observer carefully records and interprets behavior without
interfering with the behavior
Incorrect. Psychoanalysts don’t necessarily refrain from directing behavior.
d) a method of psychotherapy that emphasizes how maladaptive behaviors are learned through imitations of
others and through cognitive expectations
Topic: The History of Psychology
ANS: b, Analyze It, LO 1.2 Summarize the basic ideas and who were the important people behind the early approaches known as Gestalt, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism., (2)
APA=1.2
TB_01_34_The History of Psychology_Remember_LO 1.2, APA 1.2
Which treatment approach did Sigmund Freud develop for treating his patients?
a) drug therapy
b) neuropsychology
c) clinical psychology
Incorrect. This was not a discipline yet.
d) psychoanalysis
Correct. It fit with his assumptions about the mind.
Topic: The History of Psychology
ANS: d, Remember the Facts, LO 1.2 Summarize the basic ideas and who were the important people behind the early approaches known as Gestalt, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism., (1)
% correct 90 a= 0 b= 6 c= 4 d= 90 r = .29
% correct 85 a= 4 b= 7 c= 4 d= 85 r = .30
APA=1.2
TB_01_35_The History of Psychology_Apply_LO 1.2, APA 1.2
Tina is a psychologist who argues that a criminal engages in unlawful behavior because he grew up around older brothers who engaged in criminal activities?
a) Gestaltist
b) behaviorist
Correct. This theory focused on learned behavior.
c) psychodynamic
Incorrect. This theory focused on unconscious influences.
d) functionalist
Topic: The History of Psychology
ANS: b, Apply What You Know, LO 1.2 Summarize the basic ideas and who were the important people behind the early approaches known as Gestalt, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism., (2)
APA=1.2
TB_01_36_The History of Psychology_Remember_LO 1.2, APA 1.2
John B. Watson believed that psychology should involve the study of ________.
a) behavior
Correct. He thought that was the most scientific.
b) the mind
c) the brain
d) consciousness
Incorrect. This was not observable.
Topic: The History of Psychology
ANS: a, Remember the Facts, LO 1.2 Summarize the basic ideas and who were the important people behind the early approaches known as Gestalt, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism., (2)
% correct 74 a= 74 b= 6 c= 7 d= 12 r = .33
APA=1.2
TB_01_37_The History of Psychology_Understand_LO 1.2, APA 1.2
Who is known for teaching “Little Albert” to fear a white rat?
a) B.F. Skinner
b) Abraham Maslow
c) John B. Watson
Correct. John B. Watson is well known for his work with “Little Albert”.
d) Ivan Pavlov
Incorrect. Ivan Pavlov is known for discovering classical conditioning, but he was not the behaviorist who worked with “Little Albert”.
Topic: The History of Psychology
ANS: c, Understand the Concepts, LO 1.2 Summarize the basic ideas and who were the important people behind the early approaches known as Gestalt, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism., (2)
APA=1.2
TB_01_38_The History of Psychology_Apply_LO 1.2, APA 1.2
What advice might John B. Watson have offered to psychologists of his time?
a) “Focus on observable behavior.”
Correct. Behaviorism was founded on the study of observable behavior.
b) “Life is an effort to overcome inferiority.”
c) “We cannot know others until we know ourselves.”
Incorrect. Watson only studied what he observed.
d) “Remember that what we accomplish is due to the composition of our genes.”
Topic: The History of Psychology
ANS: a, Apply What You Know, LO 1.2 Summarize the basic ideas and who were the important people behind the early approaches known as Gestalt, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism., (2)