Answer: A
Difficulty: 3
Page(s) in Text: 15
Topic: Where Construals Come From: Basic Human Motives
Skill: Conceptual
164. How would a social psychologist explain the results of Rosenthal and Jacobson’s (1968) study, in which erroneous teacher expectations changed the behaviors of their students?
a. Teachers, like many of us, are irrational.
b. Intelligence tests are poor predictors of academic performance.
c. Our social expectations influence our own and others’ behaviors.
d. Teachers, like many of us, are motivated to see themselves in a positive light.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3
Page(s) in Text: 15
Topic: Where Construals Come From: Basic Human Motives
Skill: Conceptual
165. Which of the following is the best illustration of a self-fulfilling prophecy?
a. Justin wanted some candy, and bought some at the store the next day.
b. Emily always wanted to be a physician when she grew up and is now finishing medical school.
c. Ryan heard that Grace is opinionated; upon meeting her, he strikes up a conversation about politics and finds that she is willing to express her opinion.
d. Olivia has heard that Dylan is a good singer. When she sees him at a coffee shop, she asks him to sing yet finds his singing atrocious.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3
Page(s) in Text: 15
Topic: Where Construals Come From: Basic Human Motives
Skill: Application
166. Brenda is a psychiatrist, and has heard that one of her new patients is particularly difficult to treat. He won’t take his medication, and has never shown much improvement from his illness. Brenda doesn’t expect to be able to treat him successfully, and unintentionally treats this patient differently than her other ones. She is uncreative in how she approaches his therapy and medication, and after a few months also concludes that he is “incurable.” Brenda’s approach to this new patient best illustrates the power of
a. self-fulfilling prophecies.
b. persuasion.
c. social cognition.
d. individual differences.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2
Page(s) in Text: 15
Topic: Where Construals Come From: Basic Human Motives
Skill: Application
167. According to the authors of your text, when Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) conducted their study on the self-fulfilling prophecy in elementary school classrooms, the “bloomers” in their experiment were actually